Jitendra singh sisodiya

Middle and South America           Ever since their Asiatic ancestors crossed the Bering Strait into what is today Alaska, at least fifteen thousand and perhaps as many as thirty-five thousand years ago, American Indians have been developing and adapting their cultures to the myriad environments of North, Middle, and South America. By the time the Spanish arrived almost five hundred years ago, a wide range of Indian cultures of varying complexity existed between the Arctic Sea and the Strait of Magellan. Most of the Americas were occupied by various forms of village-farming societies, but there were also simple hunting-and-gathering societies, which stood in stark contrast to the great civilizations of the Maya, Aztec, and Inca. Despite the cultural sophistication of the notable Middle and South American civilizations, they lacked important technological assets, including gunpowder, and they were highly vulnerable to European diseases, which prevented them from warding off the Spani